Cancer :- Basic Concepts

                       Cancer 

Before we know what is cancer , first we should know few things that is really shocking . 

     Cancer is the 2nd most disease responsible for the death of Human ( 1st being Coronary Heart Disease i.e. CHD ) . Almost 1 in 5 people are susceptible to have cancer before the age of 75 . 

      Cancer is a group of disease  involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to others part of the body 

         Causes of cancer 

1. Smoking and Tobacco 

Tobacco products, like e-cigarettes, hookahs, edibles, heat-not-burn cigarettes, and smokeless tobacco, contain some of the same chemicals as regular combustible cigarettes. It's important to know that even though e-cigarettes do not contain tobacco, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classifies them as "tobacco products."

They contains carcinogenic substances that are responsible for lung cancer and various other cancers as well . 

According to survey, most cigarettes smokers are from age group 15-48 yrs. And old people . In asian countries, it is the leading cause of lung cancer and various repsiratory disease. 

2. Sun and Various types of radiation 

High-energy radiation, such as x-rays, gamma rays, alpha particles, beta particles, and neutrons, can damage DNA and cause cancer. These forms of radiation can be released in accidents at nuclear power plants and when atomic weapons are made, tested, or used.

3. Viruses and other infections

When viruses cause an infection, they spread their DNA, affecting healthy cells' genetic makeup and potentially causing them to turn into cancer. HPV infections, for instance, cause the virus' DNA to combine with the host's DNA, disrupting the normal function of cells.

There are other various causes that causes cancer as oncongens ( cancer causing genes ) are present in almost every individual and it gets activated by variation ways . 

       Symptoms of Cancer

1.Breast Changes 

-Lump or firm feeling in your breast or under your arm

-Nipple changes or discharge

Skin that is itchy, red, scaly, dimpled, or puckered

2. Bladder changes

-Trouble urinating

-Pain when urinating

-Blood in the urine

-Bleeding or bruising, for no known reason

 

3. Bowel changes 

-Blood in the stools

-Changes in bowel habits

-Cough or hoarseness that does not go away

4. Eating Problems

-Pain after eating (heartburn or indigestion that doesn’t go away)

-Trouble swallowing

-Belly pain

-Nausea and vomiting

-Appetite changes

-Fatigue that is severe and lasts

-Fever or night sweats for no known reason

5. Mouth changes

- white or red patch on the tongue or in your mouth

-Bleeding, pain, or numbness in the lip or mouth

6. Neurological changes

-Headaches

-Seizures

-Vision changes

-Hearing changes

-Drooping of the face

7. Skin changes

-A flesh-colored lump that bleeds or turns scaly

-A new mole or a change in an existing mole

A sore that does not heal

-Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes)

-Swelling or lumps anywhere such as in the neck, underarm, stomach, and groin

8. Weight gain or weigh loss for no reason

  

Treatment 

Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses high doses of radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Learn about the types of radiation, why side effects happen, which ones you might have, and more.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses drugs to kill cancer cells. Learn how chemotherapy works against cancer, why it causes side effects, and how it is used with other cancer treatments.

Immunotherapy to Treat Cancer

Immunotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that helps your immune system fight cancer. This page covers the types of immunotherapy, how it is used against cancer, and what you can expect during treatment.

Targeted Therapy

Targeted therapy is a type of cancer treatment that targets the changes in cancer cells that help them grow, divide, and spread. Learn how targeted therapy works against cancer and about common side effects that may occur.

Hormone Therapy

Hormone therapy is a treatment that slows or stops the growth of breast and prostate cancers that use hormones to grow. Learn about the types of hormone therapy and side effects that may happen.

Stem Cell Transplant

Stem cell transplants are procedures that restore blood-forming stem cells in cancer patients who have had theirs destroyed by very high doses of chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Learn about the types of transplants, side effects that may occur, and how stem cell transplants are used in cancer treatment.

Precision Medicine

Precision medicine helps doctors select treatments that are most likely to help patients based on a genetic understanding of their disease. Learn about the role precision medicine plays in cancer treatment, including how genetic changes in a person's cancer are identified and used to select treatments.

Biomarker Testing for Cancer Treatment

Biomarker testing is a way to look for genes, proteins, and other substances (called biomarkers or tumor markers) that can provide information about cancer. Biomarker testing can help you and your doctor choose a cancer treatment.

               This was all about some basic concept about cancer , in next article I will go some deep to make you understand about cancer types in an easier and convenient way . 

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